Being
a Chicago alderman is sort of like being a Chicago
Cubs fan. But instead of the perpetual refrain of
waiting for next year, the city's aldermen are
waiting for the next mayoral administration --
because they're still firmly under the thumb of
the Daley Administration.
Chicago,
in actuality, has a weak mayor/strong council
system. The mayor appoints the department
commissioners who control hiring, formulate policy
and allocate services, but the City Council
controls the budget, authorizes funding for every
department, sets the salary for every employee,
and approves all bond issues. That should make the
aldermen dominant.
Rich
Daley, however, is the unchallenged boss of City
Hall not because he has institutional power, but
rather because 26 or more of the council's 50
aldermen either cannot or will not unify and
exercise their own institutional power. The "Vrdolyak
29" asserted their authority during Harold
Washington's first term (1983-87), and the
so-called "Grey Wolves" did it during
Martin Kennelly's tenure (1947-55). The aldermen
ruled because they, not the mayor, controlled the
city budget.
If
one were to coin a phrase for the current City
Council, it might be the "Joe Moore 10,"
or perhaps the "Dorothy Tillman 10," and
the pro-Daley majority might be tabbed as the
"Snoozing Opossums" or the "Meek
40."
When
Richard J. Daley won the mayoralty in 1955, he
understood how to consolidate his power: First,
control the hiring process. Then, control those
hired. Then dispatch and concentrate those city
job holders in certain wards to ensure the
election of compliant aldermen. Then order those
aldermen to support the mayor's budget, which
controlled spending on all ward projects. Then use
those dollars to control all the aldermen.
Like
his father, Richard M. Daley understands and
implements that methodology. Since his election in
1989, the City Council has been docile and
neutered, as it was from 1955 to 1976.
Dick
Simpson, a University of Illinois professor and a
former 44th Ward alderman, thinks otherwise. He
has released a seriously flawed study that heralds
a "newly found" council independence.
Citing resolutions on such nongermane matters as
the Iraq War, slave reparations and the Patriot
Act, the Simpson study mixes the symbolic votes
with the substantive. "We're the Chicago City
Council, not the Council on Foreign
Relations," said Alderman Tom Allen (38th).
"It is not our job to make foreign
policy."
Alderman
Brian Doherty (41st) voiced similar sentiments on
the reparations issue. "What happened 200
years ago, in another part of the country, is not
relevant to Chicago today," Doherty said.
"It is not a matter properly before the City
Council."
To
be sure, there were many substantive council votes
in the past 5 years, and there was some
dissonance. But there has been no revolt. Black
aldermen, led by Toni Preckwinkle (4th), have been
trying for years to mandate an "affordable
housing" set-aside in all new city
construction, which would require lower rents or
lower sale prices for some of the new units. Daley
and the white aldermen resisted the idea, and
killed it. Organized labor has been adamantly
opposed to allowing Wal-Mart into Chicago, and the
council approved zoning for a Wal-Mart in the 37th
Ward, but not in the 21st Ward. The smoking ban in
restaurants, bars and public places stirred
controversy, as did an attempt to instruct the
city corporation counsel to cease efforts to
vacate the Shakman Decree, which outlawed
patronage, but more typical were routine budget
votes, such as the $5.1 billion 2005 budget which
contained increases in the city's sales,
cigarette, hotel, liquor, theater and natural gas
taxes. Also, the aldermen increased their salary
from $85,000 to $98,125 annually.
The
aldermen cooperate with the mayor because the
mayor cooperates with them. He lets them pick
their ward sanitation superintendent. He
guarantees adequate city services. He spreads
capital improvements equitably throughout the
city. So why should any alderman risk the status
quo, and likely re-election, by becoming a Daley
foe?
On
the Northwest Side, as can be discerned from the
adjoining vote chart, there are two kinds of
aldermen: Daley supporters and slavish Daley
supporters. All 12 area aldermen supported the
mayor's 2005 budget, but only Doherty opposed the
tax hikes. All the aldermen present except Rey
Colon (35th) opposed the resolution to end the
city's Shakman appeal. All the aldermen present
opposed affordable housing set-asides. All but
Doherty, Gene Schulter (47th) and Pat Levar (45th)
supported the pay hike. All present except Doherty
supported the smoking ban. All supported
broadening gang loitering restrictions and raising
taxi fares.
Alderman
Dorothy Tillman (3rd), a champion of slavery
reparations, claimed that Lehman Brothers, which
was chosen to underwrite $1.5 billion in city
bonds for O'Hare Airport expansion, was
"involved in the slave trade." In a vote
to disqualify, all Northwest Siders present, with
the exception of Colon, voted to retain Lehman
Brothers. On Wal-Mart, the division was
geographical: Aldermen from the minority and
gentrifying areas -- Ariel Reboyras (30th), Ted
Matlak (32nd), Dick Mell (33rd) and Berny Stone
(50th) -- along with Doherty, a Republican, voted
for the zoning change. Those voting pro-Labor were
Colon, Bill Banks (36th), Allen, Marge Laurino
(39th), Pat O'Connor (40th), Levar and Schulter.
But
on "foreign policy," the Northwest
Siders were all over the lot -- and showed their
true liberal and conservative colors.
Reboyras,
Mell, Colon, O'Connor, Schulter and Stone cast a
symbolic vote to mandate the withdrawal of all
U.S. troops from Iraq. Matlak, Banks, Laurino and
Doherty opposed a precipitate withdrawal. Allen
and Levar were absent. "I took a walk,"
Allen said. "The vote was ridiculous."
On
the resolution seeking the termination of the U.S.
Patriot Act, which Alderman Leslie Hairston (5th)
incredibly compared to "Hitler's takeover of
the German government," Allen stayed sitting,
and he, Levar and Doherty supported the act.
Reboyras, Mell, Colon, O'Connor and Stone voted
against renewal. Banks and Matlak voted
"present," and Laurino and Schulter were
absent.
All
aldermen face the voters in 2007, and their voting
record is fair game. A couple of votes could be
silver bullets -- like the 2005 tax hikes, the
aldermanic pay hike and the Shakman Decree vote,
which could be construed as supporting
"business as usual" in city government.
The foreign policy votes are laughably irrelevant.
Stone
and Mell are expected to retire in 2007. Matlak
and Levar expect tough competition. All other
incumbents will win easily, and they won't suffer
if an anti-Daley wave erupts. But if Daley is no
longer mayor, expect the aldermanic opossum to
morph itself into a wolf. Click to view NORTHWEST SIDE ALDERMANIC VOTE CHART (2000-2005).